Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and its Combination with Sweet Orange Aromatherapy as Nootropic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease(AD): A Review

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits.
Various studies have been carried out to find therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease. However, the proper
treatment option is still not available. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, but symptomatic treatment may
improve the memory and other dementia related problems. Traditional medicine is practiced worldwide as memory
enhancer since ancient times. In India, more than 4 million people have some form of dementia. Worldwide, at least 44
million people are living with dementia, making the disease a global health crisis that must be addressed. A large
number of factors has been associated with increased risk of AD, but among those, cerebrovascular disease and it
antecedents are the most consistently reported. The main features of AD are extracellular Aβ pathology and
neurofibrillary tau pathology tangles and threads. Ursodeoxycholic acid shows that it is able to improve the
functioning of mitochondria in certain individuals diagnosed with Parkisnon’s disease. In Alzheimer’s disease,
mitochondrial dysfunction is often a factor, and these changes appear to occur even before toxic protein plaques
begin to amass in the brain. Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils as an alternative treatment for medical purposes.
Despite the lack of sufficient scientific proof, it is considered a holistic complementary therapy employed to enhance
comfort and decrease distress, Citrus fragrances have been particularly used by aromatherapists for the treatment of
anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion: This review provides current state of knowledge about Alzheimer disease, ursodeoxycholic acid and
Citrus lemon fragrance together or alone may be able to improve or cure Alzheimer’s Disease. Large prospective
multicenter studies are needed to explore relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and ursodeoxycholic acid.