Comparative Immuno Analytical Study Between Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia Obtained from Different Geographical Sources and Their Prospective Effectiveness Against Covid–19

Background: Traditional systems of medicines provide significant safeguards to humanity from the ancient era to
date. They cure, mitigate, and prevent various infectious and metabolic diseases with a minimal side effect.
Particularly, traditional immunomodulators (Rasayana in Ayurveda) could serve as a breakthrough in combating the
contagious COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia were enlisted among the
Rasayana products because of their inherent immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, intensify the investigation on
these particular herbs could open the pipeline for drug and vaccine development against COVID-19.

Aim: The review focus on investigating and comparing the immunomodulatory and anti-COVID-19 relative
effectiveness of Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia herbs.

Methods: The established literature relevant to the research aim was extensively studied through recognized
electronic scientific databases, namely; PubMed, Science Direct, J-gate, Research Gate, Elsevier, Google Scholar, ACS
Publications Today, Wiley Online Library and Web of Science respectively.

Result: According to the studied literature, both W. somnifera and T. cordifolia herbs found to have numerous
phytoconstituents that explore a significant immunomodulatory activity via different pathways.

Conclusion: The immune-analytical comparison study shows that T. cardifolia has the potent phytocompounds that
show more likeness to mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 and predicted to have the highest drug-likeness profile on the bases
of in silico studies narrated in the literature. Whereas Ashwagandha found to have shown the highest
immunomodulatory effectiveness via different distinct mechanisms and specificity to ACE2 binding inhibition.
Therefore, it will be of great importance to intensify clinical investigations more specifically in vivo study to establish,
safety, and biopharmaceutical parameters.